The Effects of Child Labor in the City of Kassala, Eastern in Sudan- Analytical Study
Keywords:
Child labor- child poverty -demographic waste - family inclusionAbstract
The study aimed at the effects of child labor in the city of Kassala, eastern Sudan - as an analytical study to know, diagnose and investigate the factors contributing to the exacerbation of the phenomenon at the economic, social, psychological and security levels. The study through mechanisms such as personal observation, interview, focus group, and research in published and unpublished sources related to the subject of the study. The study reached the most important results, the most important of which is that the reasons for the existence of child labor in Kassala city are the result of several overlapping and connected factors with each other in the form of a circular ring that is difficult to separate its parts, including the economic conditions, which take The lion’s share in terms of impact, as well as multi-faceted social factors, such as that most children work in Kassala for a period of (10) hours per day, and this exceeds the permissible limit internationally, which has physical and psychological effects in the future, and that most children suffer from government neglect represented in their lack of financial support The study came out with a number of interim recommendations, among which it is necessary to include development plans The state’s annual annual program is a special program for children working in the Kassala city market (rehabilitation, training and education), as well as the enactment of strict laws and legislations to determine the official working hours for child labor in accordance with permissible international conventions, as well as the principle of family containment that must be dealt with by parents not moving away from their children and thinking with them aloud about a solution their problems, support children morally and materially, and support poor families in the peripheral and popular neighborhoods to try to reduce the presence of the phenomenon and contribute to solving the phenomenon economically and socially within the city of Kassala.
Downloads
References
المصادر والمراجع
أولاً: المراجع العربية:
ابن دراوة، نادية، (2009م): قياس الفقر ومحافظته (دراسة حالة الجزائر). جامعة العلوم التجارية والاقتصادية وعلوم التسيير، رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة، نظريات الكمية المطبقة، الجزائر.
الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء، (2019م):حجم وإسقاطات سكان ولاية كسلا ، السودان.
خوجلي، إبراهيم ، وآخرون(2021م)أطفال في الشوارع دراسة ميدانية على أطفال منظمة من الطريق الي الأمان بمدنية كسلا شرق السودان، مجلة القلزم للدراسات الجغرافية والبيئية ، العدد الثالث، دورية مارس للعام2021م، ص(141ــ 164)، سنار، السودان.
دياعلو، ملم، (2007م): الأطفال العاملون في المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية، نتائج مسح عمالة الأطفال 2007م ، منظمة العمل الدولية ، إصدار(2009م) ، جنيف، سويسرا.
السريع ، لاسواء (2015م)، إشكال عمالة الأطفال، جمهورية العراق.
سومية ، بوختر ، بسمة ، بن نوار، (2016):عمالة الأطفال وعلاقتها بالتسرب المدرسي ، دراسة ميدانية علي عينة من التلاميذ بموسطتي غديري عمار بولقربيات فرحات، دائرة السعقة ولاية جيجل ، رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة في علم الاجتماع ، تخصص تربية، كلية العلوم الانسانية والاجتماعية، جامعة محمد الصديق بن يحي، الجزائر.
الشيخ، احمد ، (2017م):مرونة النظم المحلية في التكيف مع الجفاف في ولاية شمال كردفان ، مجلة جامعة بخت الرضا ، العدد العشرين ابريل 2017م ، ص ص 11ــــ 26، الدويم ، السودان.
شينار، سامية(2022م): أطفال الشوارع بين مثالب التهميش والانحراف والاستغلال، مجلة العلوم القانونية والاجتماعية ، المجلد السابع، العدد الأول جامعة زيان عاشور، ص(301ــ 315)، الجلفة، الجزائر.
الصالحي، ماجد (2020م):الهدر الديمغرافي لفئات صغار السن في مدينة الزبير وسبل معالجتها، رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة، جامعة البصرة، كلية الآداب، قسم الجغرافيا ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية، العراق.
عبد الله، تسير وعرار ، رشيد(2019م):أسباب ظاهرة عمالة الأطفال مدينة القدس، مجلة العلوم النفسية والتربوية 5(4) ص( 122ــ 143) ، جامعة الوادي، الجزائر.
عجمي، سجاد ، محمد رسول ، قاسم (2017م):المشكلات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية لعمالة الإحداث، دراسة اجتماعية ميدانية في الديوانية، بحث تخرج بكالوريوس غير منشور، جامعة القادسية ، كلية الآداب، قسم علم الاجتماع ، العراق.
فريد، سالي ، 2020م:عمالة الأطفال في إفريقيا: الإبعاد والآثار الاقتصادية ودور ا لمنظمات الإقليمية والدولية، مركز فاروس للاستشارات والدراسات الإستراتيجية، مصر
الملكاوي، نور الدين ، (2018م): المشكلات النفسية والاجتماعية لدي عينة من عمالة الأطفال السوريين في الأردن، رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة، جامعة اليرموك، كلية التربية، قسم علم النفس الإرشادي والتربوي، الأردن.
وداعة الله، عصام الدين ، (2019م):تحليل وتقييم الصرف السطحي بمدينة كسلا ، الورشة الاستهلالية، مشروع مدعوم من هيئة البحث والابتكار العلمي ، مكان الانعقاد جامعة كسلا، كلية الهندسة، قاعة رقم (2) بتاريخ (13مارس2019م)، ولاية كسلا، السودان.
المراجع العربية الإنجليزية
Ibn Droua, N. (2009). Measurement and Preservation of Poverty (A Case Study of Algeria). (In Arabic). Unpublished Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, Economics, and Management Sciences, University of Quantitative Theories, Algeria.
Central Bureau of Statistics. (2019). Population Size and Projections for Kassala State, (In Arabic). Sudan.
Khogali, I., et al. (2021). Street Children: A Field Study on Children from the Road to Safety Organization in Kassala City, Eastern Sudan(In Arabic). Al-Qalzam Journal of Geographical and Environmental Studies, Issue 3, March 2021, pp. 141-164, Sinnar, Sudan.
Diaalo, M. (2007). Working Children in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: Findings from the 2007 Child Labor Survey. (In Arabic) International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Al-Saree, L. (2015). Child Labor Challenges, (In Arabic) Republic of Iraq.
Soumia, B., et al. (2016). Child Labor and Its Relationship to School Dropout: A Field Study on a Sample of Students from Ghediri Ammar Boulkerbiet Middle School, Saqqa District, Guelma Province. (In Arabic) Unpublished Master's thesis in Sociology, Education specialization, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Mohammed Seddik Ben Yahia University, Algeria.
Al-Sheikh, A. (2017). Flexibility of Local Systems in Adapting to Drought in North Kordofan State. (In Arabic) Bukhat Al-Rida University Journal, Issue 20, April 2017, pp. 11-26, Duiem, Sudan.
Shinara, S. (2022). Street Children: Between the Clutches of Marginalization, Deviation, and Exploitation. (In Arabic)Journal of Legal and Social Sciences, Volume 7, Issue 1, Ziane Achour University, pp. 301-315, Jelfa, Algeria.
Al-Salehi, M. (2020). Demographic Waste of Young Age Groups in Al-Zubair City and Ways to Address It. (In Arabic) Unpublished Master's thesis, University of Basrah, College of Arts, Department of Geography and Geographic Information Systems, Iraq.
Abdullah, T., & Arar, R. (2019). Causes of Child Labor in Jerusalem City. (In Arabic) Journal of Psychological and Educational Sciences, 5(4), pp. 122-143, Al-Wadi University, Algeria.
Ajeemi, S., Mohammed, R., & Qasim, R. (2017). Social and Economic Problems of Adolescents Labor: A Field Study in Diwaniyah. (In Arabic) Unpublished Bachelor's research paper, University of Al-Qadisiyah, College of Arts, Department of Sociology, Iraq.
Fareed, S. (2020). Child Labor in Africa: Dimensions, Economic Effects, and the Role of Regional and International Organizations. (In Arabic) Faros Center for Consulting and Strategic Studies, Egypt.
Al-Malkawi, N. (2018). Psychological and Social Problems among a Sample of Syrian Child Laborers in Jordan. (In Arabic) Unpublished Master's thesis, Yarmouk University, Faculty of Education, Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Jordan.
Wadaa Allah, I. (2019). Analysis and Evaluation of Surface Drainage in Kassala City: Preliminary Workshop, (In Arabic) a Project Supported by the Scientific Research and Innovation Authority, Venue: Kassala University, Faculty of Engineering, Hall 2, March 13, 2019, Kassala State, Sudan.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Journal of the Palestinian Educators Association for Literature, Educational and Psychological Studies
E-issn: 2789-1941
Authors retain Copyright
The Journal of the Palestinian Educators Association for Literature, Educational and Psychological Studies allows Authors retain Copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Provided they are the owners of the Copyright to their work, authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository, in a journal or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories, disciplinary repositories, or on their website) prior to
and during the submission process.
