دور معلمي المرحلة الأساسية في تكييف المناهج وطرائق التدريس لضمان استمرارية التعليم في ظروف الطوارئ

أولاً: المراجع العربية:

السرطاوي، عادل فايز، شهاب، سماح محمود، وصبرة، رنا أمين. (2022). أثر استخدام استراتيجيات إبداعية لمواءمة التعليم عن بُعد في مواجهة الأزمات. مجلة رابطة التربويين الفلسطينيين للآداب والدراسات التربوية والنفسية، 1(3)، 113–128. https://doi.org/10.69867/PEAJ026

قناوي، شاكر عبد العظيم محمد. (2023). أدوار المعلمين المهنية والنفسية والتقنية المستقبلية في ظل تحديات تعليم الطوارئ والجوائح والاتجاهات الجديدة للتدريس الافتراضي. المجلة الدولية للبحوث في العلوم التربوية، 6(1)، 63–122.

مقدادي، محمد. (2020). تصورات طلبة المرحلة الثانوية في المدارس الحكومية في الأردن لاستخدام التعليم عن بُعد في ظل أزمة كورونا ومستجداتها. المجلة العربية للنشر العلمي، 19.

ثانياً : المراجع العربية الإنجليزية

Sartawi, A. F., Shehab, S. M., & Sabra, R. A. (2022). The effect of using creative strategies to adapt distance education in facing crises (In Arabic). Journal of the Palestinian Educators Association for Literature, Educational and Psychological Studies, 1(3), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.69867/PEAJ026

Qenawi, Sh. A. A. M. (2023). Future professional, psychological, and technical roles of teachers in light of the challenges of emergency education and pandemics and the new trends in virtual teaching (In Arabic). International Journal of Research in Educational Sciences, 6(1), 63–122.

Miqdadi, M. (2020). Secondary school students’ perceptions of the use of distance education in Jordanian public schools during the COVID-19 crisis and its developments (In Arabic). Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing, 19.

ثالثاً: المراجع الأجنبية:

Avdiel, O., & Blau, I. (2025). Building resilience: Technological adaptation and enhancing collaboration among educators and learners in flexible emergency learning spaces. Education Sciences, 15(12), 1596. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15121596

Creed, C., & Morpeth, R. L. (2014). Continuity education in emergency and conflict situations: The case for using open, distance and flexible learning. Journal of Learning for Development, 1(3). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1106122

Department of Education. (2005). Curriculum adaptations: Definition. https://ijrehc.com/doc/ijrehc02_37.pdf

Friend, M., & Bursuck, W. D. (2015). Including students with special needs: A practical guide for classroom teachers (7th ed.). Pearson Education.

Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020). The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. EDUCAUSE Review, 27(1), 1–12.

Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE). (2018). Education in emergencies. https://inee.org/education-in-emergencies

Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE). (2001). Education in emergencies: Technical kit (Adaptation of education). Geneva: INEE.

International Journal of Research in Education and Human Communication (IJREHC). (2022). Curriculum adaptations in primary education: Enhancing learner participation and performance. https://ijrehc.com/doc/ijrehc02_37.pdf

Näkk, A.-M., & Timoštšuk, I. (2024). Primary school teachers’ perspectives on the relationship between students’ learning and work-related skills. Social Sciences, 13(12), 681. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120681

Pinar, J. A. (2021). Teachers’ perceptions of remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic: A global survey across 91 countries. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 24(3), 89–104.

Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1202_4

UNESCO IIEP. (2013). Focus on education in emergencies: An introduction (Glossary: Continuity of education). https://inee.org/ar/eie-glossary/astmraryt-altlym

UNICEF. (2023). Education in a post-COVID world: Nine ideas for public action. https://www.unicef.org/media/135736/file/EducationinaPost-COVIDWorld.pdf

UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2021). Regional overview: Bridging SDG4 and education monitoring in the Arab region. https://tcg.uis.unesco.org

UNESCO. (2020). COVID-19 in Palestine: How distance learning will help students continue education. https://en.unesco.org/news/covid-19-palestine-how-distance-learning-will-help-student-continue-education

World Vision International. (2025). Education in emergencies and protracted crisis framework. https://www.wvi.org/sites/default/files/2025-07/Education%20in%20Emergencies%20and%20Protracted%20Crisis%20Framework.pdf

Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (2005). Understanding by design (Expanded 2nd ed.). Alexandria, VA: ASCD.

Zhaohui, W. (2020). How is a top Chinese university responding to coronavirus? https://www.weform.org